by Aswathi P P (Software Programmer, Excellone Technologies)
Simple Object Access Protocol [SOAP] is an extensible, text-based framework for enabling communication between diverse parties- i.e. objects that have no prior knowledge of each other or of each others platforms in the web technology field. This XML-based object invocation protocol was first incorporated for distributed applications to interact over HTTP and through corporate firewalls. Client applications can inter-operate in loosely coupled environments to discover and connect dynamically to services without having any agreements established between them previously.
Message Format
The standardized message format has a MIME type of “text/xml” and the soap envelope. The envelope, which is an XML document, consists of a header (optional) and a body (mandatory). Header entries are for the modes that perform intermediate processing while the body part is focused on the final recipient of the message.
Name Spaces
First name space defines the elements and attributes in this message. Second name space refers to the SOAP encoding which is applicable to the whole document.
Head
The transaction element comes first along with name space attributes and by the must Understand attribute with a value of 1. The header processing is entirely independent of the SOAP message body. Other than defining transaction modes like intermediate notes, a SOAP message may optionally contain header entries specifying nodes that perform authorization processing, encryption, persistence of state, business logic processing etc.
Body
The cryptic and modular packaging model SOAP body consists of a XML payload, which we can service.
SOAP-RPC
Usually follows one-way transmissions from a sender to a receiver. SOAP messages do have to be combined to implement request response mechanisms. While using SOAP-RPC, first of all the request and response message must be encoded as structures. In each input parameter of an operation there must be an element with the same name as parameter. Also every output parameter must contain an element with a matching name.
A SOAP client
A program that creates an XML document containing the information required to invoke remotely a method in a distributed system is known as a SOAP client. As requests and messages are sent over HTTP, SOAP documents enable the transfer of information across divergent web platforms.
A SOAP server
A SOAP server is a special code that listens for SOAP messages and acts as a distributor and interpreter of SOAP documents.
In conclusion
This XML based protocol for sending messages and making remote procedure calls in a distributed environment that contains 3 parts. The SOAP envelope construct defining an over-all framework for defining the content of the message, the concerned person to deal with it and whether it is mandatory or optional. The encoding rules define a serialization mechanism used to exchange instances of application-defined data-types. The SOAP RPC, defines a connection that can be used to exchange instance of application-defined data-types.
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